When managing a client with a possible tension pneumothorax, what is the priority assessment the nurse should perform first?

In the management of a client with a possible tension pneumothorax, the priority assessment is to evaluate the respiratory rate. This is crucial because tension pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space and cannot escape, leading to increased pressure that severely restricts the lungs' ability to expand. As a result, the respiratory rate is a critical indicator of ventilation adequacy and the client's immediate respiratory status.

A rapid assessment of the respiratory rate allows the nurse to determine if the patient is displaying signs of respiratory distress, such as tachypnea, which can indicate worsening oxygenation or retention of carbon dioxide. Additionally, monitoring the respiratory rate can guide interventions that may be necessary to stabilize the patient’s condition, such as administering oxygen or preparing for more invasive procedures.

In the context of a tension pneumothorax, while other assessments like checking for jugular vein distention, assessing lung sounds, and monitoring blood pressure are also important, they do not provide immediate information about the client's ability to breathe effectively. The respiratory rate is critical in prioritizing subsequent actions and interventions to ensure patient safety.